What factor does the aircraft's center of gravity affect?

The center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft is a critical factor that influences its stability, control, and overall performance. When the CG is located within the specified limits of an aircraft, it enhances stability in flight, making it easier for the pilot to control the aircraft. A properly balanced aircraft is less prone to uncommanded pitch changes and exhibits predictable flight behavior.

Furthermore, the location of the CG affects the stall characteristics and performance of the aircraft. For instance, if the CG is too far forward, the aircraft may experience higher nose-down stability, which may cause it to require significant control input for level flight. In contrast, a CG that is too far aft can lead to reduced stability and increased risk of stalling, resulting in difficulty in recovering from certain flight situations.

Additionally, the CG impacts the aircraft’s fuel efficiency, but it is not the sole factor affecting it. Visual navigation and engine performance, while important, are not directly influenced by the location of the CG. Thus, understanding the relationship between the center of gravity, stability, control, and performance is essential in aviation to ensure safe and efficient flight operations.